Alzheimer's and family genetic line

Genetic family factors
When a family member has Alzheimer's disease, many individuals often wonder about their own chances of developing this disease. While heredity is a major factor in a small number of families, for most individuals, genetics plays only a minor role or none at all.

Early-onset
Genetics is most important in families with a history of early-onset Alzheimer's disease (occurring before age 50) stretching back for several generations. (The early-onset form accounts for less than 3% of all Alzheimer's cases in the world today.) Mutations in three genes are known to cause this type of Alzheimer's disease: amyloid precursor protein gene (APP), presenilin 1, and presenilin 2. All three genetic mutations increase the production of beta-amyloid, which is deposited in the plaques found in Alzheimer's disease. APP directs the production of amyloid precursor protein, a brain protein that, when fragmented, sometimes produces beta-amyloid.

If one parent has any of these mutations, each child has a 40 to 50% chance of inheriting the mutated form. A child who inherits the mutated gene will inevitably develop early-onset Alzheimer's disease some time before age 50.

The defective APP gene, found in many families today with early-onset Alzheimer's disease, is located on chromosome 21. People with Down syndrome, a common cause of mental retardation, have an extra copy of this chromosome. This is notable because the similarities between Alzheimer's and Down syndrome are striking close.

People with Down syndrome almost invariably develop Alzheimer's symptoms in middle age between 45 and 60, if they live that long. Tiny amyloid deposits begin showing up in their brains during adolescence, some 20 years before the distinctive tangles and plaques appear. Whether the two disorders are genetically related is unclear, but at least one study found that Alzheimer's patients had a higher than expected number of family members with Down syndrome.

Researchers hope that the discovery of the genetic mutations linked to Alzheimer's disease will shed new light on why the disease causes brain cells to die, and that this understanding will lead to the development of some type of CURE that can protect these cells.

Late-onset
One form (or allele) of a gene that directs the manufacture of a protein called apolipoprotein E (ApoE) has been linked to late-onset Alzheimer's. However, that gene doesn't explain all cases. The ApoE gene is located on chromosome 19 and comes in three alleles: E2, E3, and E4.

Everyone has two genes for ApoE, one inherited from each parent. It's possible to have any one of six combinations — either mixed alleles or a matched pair. The E3 allele is the most common; in fact, more than half the population has a double dose of E3. The relatively rare E2 may provide some protection against Alzheimer's disease. E4, the dangerous variant, is carried by 14% of the U.S. population and by as many as 46% of people with Alzheimer's who have a family history of the disease.

Having one E4 allele increases the risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer's (particularly in people ages 60–70) and lowers the age of onset. Having two E4 alleles strengthens these effects. It's not known exactly how the E4 allele works to increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's, but scientists believe it may play a role in the faulty clearing of beta-amyloid deposits from the brain. In theory, the accumulation of beta-amyloid in the brain sets in motion a series of events that leads to the destruction of nerve cells — but exactly why this abnormal protein is overproduced or not cleared efficiently remains a mystery. ApoE also shuttles cholesterol into and out of cells, and people with E4 are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

A pattern of family-based inheritance for late-onset Alzheimer's (age 55 or older) has been difficult to establish, so the chances of inheriting a defective gene are unknown. Having the E4 allele is no guarantee that you will develop the disease, and not having the allele is no guarantee that you won't. The E4 allele is a risk factor for — but not a cause of — late-onset Alzheimer's disease. This lead, while establishing that there is some genetic risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease, provides no basis for testing the ApoE genotype in healthy individuals without dementia. Mutations on other genes believed to affect the risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer's are also being studied.

Remember there are still no cure for Alzheimer's disease today.

Mary Joseph Foundation a non-profit organization for Alzheimer's disease

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Is it Alzheimer's or early symptoms?

For physicians and families intent on pinning down a diagnosis, one major factor that complicates the clinical picture is the existence of so many kinds of dementia. More than 100 conditions can mimic or cause dementia. Alzheimer's disease is by far the most common intractable condition. But other causes of irreversible dementia include blood vessel disease (vascular cognitive impairment, Binswanger's dementia), other degenerative disorders (frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease), slow-growing brain tumors, or infections of the central nervous system (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, AIDS dementia, neurosyphilis).

In some types of dementia, treatment will improve mental functioning, and in a small percentage, the dementia is completely reversible if treatment begins before permanent brain damage occurs. That's why it is important to report to a doctor any signs of dementia early in the process...Remember if you get Alzheimer's there are no CURE for it.

Early symptoms
Every person is unique and dementia affects people differently - no two people will have symptoms that develop in exactly the same way. An individual's personality, general health and social situation are all important factors in determining the impact of dementia on him or her.

The most common early symptoms of dementia are:

Loss of memory
Declining memory, especially short-term memory, is the most common early symptom of dementia. People with ordinary forgetfulness can still remember other facts associated with the thing they have forgotten. For example they may sometime get lost on their way home by making the wrong turn or briefly forget their next-door neighbor's name but they still know the person they are talking to is their next-door neighbor. A person with dementia will not only forget their neighbor's name but also the context.

Familiar tasks
People with dementia often find it hard to complete everyday tasks that are so familiar we usually do not think about how to do them. A person with dementia may not know in what order to put clothes on or the steps for preparing a meal.

Language
Occasionally everyone has trouble finding the right word but a person with dementia often forgets simple words or substitutes unusual words, making speech or writing hard to understand.

Time and place
We sometimes forget the day of the week or where we are going but people with dementia can become lost in familiar places such as the road they live in, forget where they are or how they got there, and not know how to get back home. For example my mother who made a wrong turn on her way home and end up in a neighbor house, also a person with dementia may also confuse night and day.

Judgment
People with dementia may dress inappropriately, wearing several layers of clothes on a warm day or very few on a cold day, also they may pack food, cloths and shoes together.

Track of things
A person with dementia may find it difficult to follow a conversation or keep up with paying their bills.

Misplacing things
Anyone can temporarily misplace his or her wallet or keys. A person with dementia may put things in unusual places such as an iron in the fridge or a wristwatch in the sugar bowl.

Changes in mood or behavior
Everyone can become sad or moody from time to time. A person with dementia may become unusually emotional and experience rapid mood swings for no apparent reason. Alternatively a person with dementia may show less emotion than was usual previously.

Changes in personality
A person with dementia may seem different from his or her usual self in ways that are difficult to pinpoint. A person may become suspicious, irritable, depressed, apathetic or anxious, angry and agitated especially in situations where memory problems are causing difficulties.

Loss of initiative
At times everyone can become tired of housework, business activities, or social obligations. However a person with dementia may become very passive, sitting in front of the television for hours, sleeping more than usual, or appear to lose interest in hobbies.

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms or are concerned about a friend or relative, visit your doctor and discuss your concerns.

Estelle Getty Born: July 25, 1924 in New York City, New York Occupation: Actor: ... She played Sophia on Golden Girls from 1985 to 1992...We are sorry to hear about Estelle Getty condition, for sometime now she had developed and been living with dementia/Alzheimer's for the pass six years, she die earlier today July 22/08.

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Alzheimer's disease and how it affects you and your love ones

Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease affects nearly half of all seniors 78 and older in the world today. It's a particularly cruel disease that affects not only the patients but also their families and others who may depend on them.

One in three Americans knows someone with Alzheimer's.
Alzheimer's strikes one in ten people over age 65 and about half of people over age 78.
Don't let Alzheimer's steal your dreams.

People who have early-onset dementia may be in any stage of dementia – early, middle or late. Experts estimate that some 1.080,000 people in their 30s, 40s and 50s have Alzheimer's disease or a related dementia.

In 2002, Mr.Charlton Heston courageously announced to the public that he was suffering with symptoms consistent with Alzheimer’s disease he was then 78.
In 1994 former president Ronald Reagan said, I have recently been told that I am one of the millions of Americans who will be afflicted with Alzheimer’s disease.

Estelle Getty Born: July 25, 1924 in New York City, New York Occupation: Actor: ... She played Sophia on Golden Girls from 1985 to 1992...We are sorry to hear about Estelle Getty condition, for sometime now she had developed and been living with dementia.

Currently there are over 18 million peoples worldwide who are living with Alzheimer’s disease and that number is expected to grow to as many as 71 million by 2025. Alzheimer’s disease is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States and number six worldwide.

Researchers now identified abnormal tau protein in the entorhinal cortex before dementia was even clinically detectable. For years now most researchers targeted a different symptom, the amyloid beta plaques that gum up the spaces between the brain's neurons, causing them to die.

We are our memories, and almost everything we do is guided by the experiences we have had. All of our skills, our aspirations, our hopes, dreams, and imagination come out of our experiences and the accumulated benefit we have derived from them.
It is that very foundation, however, that turns tremulous for those with Alzheimer's disease
All such memories are an amalgam of associations.

There are still no CURE of any kind for Alzheimer's disease today on the world market... Dr.William Thomas.

We are trying our best to find a cure and at the same time helping individuals who have Alzheimer's disease.

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Helping the needy.

How and why we raise funds.

How and why we raise funds.

The services Mary Joseph Foundation provides to raise funds for individuals who have Alzheimer's disease and young hungry children here and around the world.

( 1 ) We do Consulting and Lecturing on Security, Security, Network and Design Engineering, international business investment and tax break, international Law and Constitutions to Governments and Businesses around the world.

( 2 ) We give talks on Security, Energy, Medicines, Religions, Engineering, international business investment and tax break and Politics.

( 3 ) We develop and sell our products for memory and Brain, to help individuals avoid getting Dementia/Alzheimer's.

To all Governments, Businesses and Universities here in America and around the world, I hope that we at the Mary Joseph Foundation a non-profit organization will get the chance to provide our services to your institutions, now and in the future.
All of our speakers and lecturers are expert in their fields, they are political and fortune 500 corporations leaders from around the world.

Over 90 percent of all funds raise from speaking, consulting and lecturing goes to helping individuals who have Alzheimer's disease and young children who are hungry and some times homeless here in America and in many third world countries. We provides rooming, foods, vitamins, medicines and caring for individuals with Alzheimer's disease especially those who are living in homes for the insane and crazy, on the street and homeless, we also feed young hungry children especially in the third world countries. Mary Joseph Foundation provides all these services for FREE.

Please support us in our non-profit work, there is always a greater happiness in giving than in receiving. We are always looking for partners to work with especially in corporate America and the third world countries.

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Fred Joseph
President
Former senior security engineer Citi Bank, JP Morgan, IBM and the Federal Government.
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